Declaration of Cuernavaca

The National Public Health Institutes (NPHI), members of the Latin American Regional Network of the International Association of National Institutes of Public Health, met face to face at the headquarters of the National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, in the City of Cuernavaca, from October 5 to 7, 2022, with the participation of the directors or their representatives of the NPHIs of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru and Suriname and representatives of the South American Sub regional Program (SAM), and the Central American Sub regional Program (CAM) of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Organization of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (OTCA), the Andean Health Agency/Hipolito Unanue Agreement (ORAS/CONHU) and the Central American Integration System (SICA/COMISCA), analyzing the role of the NPHI in combating health inequities;in confronting the global climate and environmental crisis;combating hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition;successes and challenges in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic;strengthening and continuous improvement of integrated disease surveillance and preparedness for health emergencies;as well as the various existing regional and sub-regional health cooperation programs, noticing that: 1. In the current scenario, the dominating development model is a generator of growing social inequalities, which determine serious inequities in the health conditions of our peoples. 2. Likewise, the current model of production and consumption, adopted at the global level, has increased hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition that possibly constitute nowadays the main health problem in our region. 3. The environmental crisis, which is also a product of the current global development model, has a significant impact on human and animal health and the interaction between both. 4. The NPHIs have played a role of major relevance in confronting the Covid-19 pandemic, not fully applying, however, their full potential for research and for proposing national plans for the disease control. 5. Health surveillance systems, in most of our countries, suffer from significant fragmentation between various sectors and within the health sector itself, implying, in any case, reactive actions that do not allow for anticipating the emergence of new pathologies or health emergencies. 6. The various regional and sub regional cooperation agencies and programs offer an enormous capacity for synergies and mutual cooperation.

A Psychometric Analysis of the Spanish Version of the Grief Impairment Scale: A Screening Tool of Biopsychosocial Grief-Related Functional Impairment in a Salvadoran Sample.

The objective of this study was to translate and psychometrically evaluate a Spanish version of the Grief Impairment Scale (GIS) using a sample of bereaved adults from El Salvador (N = 579). The results confirm the unidimensional structure of the GIS, and solid reliability, item characteristics, and criterion-related validity, where the GIS scale significantly and positively predicts depression. However, this instrument only showed evidence of configural and metric invariance between different sex groups. Overall, these results support the Spanish version of the GIS as a psychometrically sound screening tool for health professionals and researchers to use in their clinical work.

Career shock of hotel employees and their individual resilience: an exploratory study

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the extent to which global shocks like Covid-19, climate crisis or war in Ukraine represent a negative career shock for hotel employees and how their individual resilience helps them to mitigate such shock. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative research method is used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 full-time employees working at four hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. Thematic analysis was used to extract the main ideas from the transcripts. Findings: The findings showed that some of the addressed employees do not perceive the impact of current wicked problems as a negative career shock that would cause them to divert their career paths particularly because of the recent support they receive from their professional and social circles. However, some respondents are worried about their career prospects owing to the dramatic events affecting beach tourism in Egypt this past decade. Findings reveal that managing negative career shocks necessitates institutional support, as well as employee responsibility and the adaptation. Originality/value: This paper contributes by filling a gap in hospitality, and human resources management, in which empirical studies on the relationship between career shock of hotel employees and their individual resilience have been limited so far. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Diverse pedagogical approaches to experiential learning, Volume II: Multidisciplinary case studies, reflections, and strategies

This second volume of Diverse Pedagogical Approaches to Experiential Learning (Palgrave, 2020) contains a new collection of experiential learning (EL) reflections, case studies, and strategies written by twenty-eight authors across sixteen academic disciplines. Like the first volume, the chapters describe the process of developing, implementing, facilitating, expanding, and assessing EL in courses, programs, and centers both locally and globally. The authors take on new themes in this collection, including discussions on the intersections of experiential learning with race and privilege, cross-cultural competencies, power and gender, professional development and vocational discernment, self-inquiry and reflection, social justice, and more. The authors also address the importance of adapting new pedagogical approaches to EL in response to challenges in higher education presented by the global coronavirus pandemic. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.

Measuring confidence in physician: Adaptation and validation of TPS in HIV individuals from Mexico / Evaluar confianza en el médico: Adaptación y validación del Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) en personas mexicanas que viven con VIH

Abstract Introduction Patient-physician relationship is associated with ART adherence and medical follow-up in people living with HIV (PLWH). Patient's trust in their doctor is a key component of patient-physician relationship, so adequate and reliable instruments to measure this component are important to evaluate its impact on health outcomes. Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties of a translated and adapted version of Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) in Mexican PLWH. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in PLWH. Scale was translated to Spanish and culturally adapted. Sociodemographic and TPS data were collected online due to COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis were carried out in two different samples. Results Data from 215 participants was used to EFA. Five items were eliminated due to low correlation with total scale. Final Cronbach's alpha was .93. A single-factor structure explained 68.8% of the variance. CFA in a sample of 140 participants confirmed adequate fit indices (χ2[7] = 13.015 p = .072, CFI = .997, RMSEA = .057, SMRS = .0015). Discussion and conclusion The final scale was unifactorial and it is made up of six items instead of 11. It seems to be a valid and reliable scale to measure patient's trust in doctors in Mexican PLWH. Further studies are recommended to provide evidence of convergent validity to the instrument.

Resumen Introducción La relación médico-paciente está asociada a la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral y al seguimiento médico en las personas que viven con VIH (PVVS). La confianza de los pacientes en sus médicos es un componente clave de la relación médico-paciente, por lo que es importante disponer de instrumentos adecuados y fiables para medir este componente y evaluar su impacto en los resultados de salud. Objetivo Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión traducida y adaptada de la Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) en PVVS mexicanas. Método Se realizó un estudio transversal en adultos con VIH. La escala fue traducida al español y adaptada culturalmente. Los datos sociodemográficos y de la TPS se recogieron en línea debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE) y confirmatorios (AFC) en dos muestras diferentes. Resultados Se utilizaron los datos de 215 participantes para el AFE. Se eliminaron cinco ítems debido a la baja correlación con la escala total. El alfa de Cronbach final fue de .93. Una estructura unifactorial explicó el 68.8% de la varianza. El AFC en una muestra de 140 participantes confirmó la adecuación del modelo mostrando índices de ajuste adecuados (χ2[7] = 13.015 p = .072, CFI = .997, RMSEA =.057, SMRS = .0015). Discusión y conclusión La escala final fue unifactorial y se compuso de seis ítems en lugar de 11. Parece ser una escala válida y fiable para medir la confianza del paciente en los médicos en PVVS mexicanas. Se recomiendan más estudios para buscar evidencia de validez convergente del instrumento.

Clinical, epidemiological and virological findings of the first covid-19 outbreak in Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia / Hallazgos clínicos, epidemiológicos y virológicos del primer brote de covid-19 en Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia / Achados clínicos, epidemiológicos e virológicos do primeiro surto de covid-19 em Medellín, Antioquia, Colômbia

Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica, epidemiológica y virológicamente el primer brote de covid-19, a partir del caso primario en Medellín (Colombia), a través de las acciones de vigilancia y control epidemiológico realizadas para su contención. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Los casos secundarios se identificaron teniendo en cuenta la definición del protocolo del Instituto Nacional de Salud. La recolección de datos fue obtenida del Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, la investigación epidemiológica de campo, historia clínica y resultados de laboratorio. Se tuvieron en cuenta patrones clínicos de la enfermedad (signos y síntomas), componentes epidemiológicos (acciones de vigilancia y control de la transmisión) y virológicos (con el uso de la prueba diagnóstica para sars-CoV-2 y la evaluación de la recuperación virológica). La confirmación de los casos se hizo por técnica de detección diagnóstica de coronavirus Wuhan 2019 por Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction - Real Time, protocolo Charité, Berlín, Alemania 2020, procesadas en e informadas por el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Resultados: El caso primario de Medellín ingresó al país el 2 de marzo de 2020, procedente de Madrid (España) y fue confirmado el 9 de marzo. Se identificaron 52 contactos estrechos en 9 conglomerados. Las acciones de vigilancia en salud pública permitieron identificar 5 casos relacionados en una fase temprana de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: La caracterización del caso primario en Medellín permitió identificar el primer brote de covid-19 y orientar las medidas de control epidemiológico, como aislamientos, tomas de muestras, seguimiento a contactos y búsquedas de casos secundarios.

Abstract Objective: To characterize clinically, epidemiologically and virologically the first outbreak of covid-19, from the primary case in Medellín (Colombia), through surveillance and epidemiological control carried out for its containment. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study. Secondary cases are identified taking into account the definition of the protocol of the National Institute of Health. Data collection was obtained of the Public Health Surveillance System, research epidemiological field, medical history and results of laboratory. Clinical patterns of the disease (signs and symptoms), epidemiological components (transmission surveillance and control actions) and virological (with the use of the diagnostic test for sars-CoV-2 and the evaluation of virological recovery). The confirmation of the cases was done by the diagnostic detection technique of Wuhan coronavirus 2019 by reverse transcription polymerase Chain Reaction - Real Time, Charité protocol, Berlin, Germany 2020, processed in and reported by the National Laboratory of Reference of the National Institute of Health. Results: The Medellín's primary case entered the country on March 2, 2020, from Madrid (Spain) and was confirmed on March 9. 52 close contacts were identified in 9 clusters. The surveillance actions in public health made it possible to identify 5 related cases in an early phase of the disease. Conclusions: The characterization of the primary case in Medellín seek to identify the first outbreak of covid-19 and guide the epidemiological control measures, such as isolations, intakes of samples, follow-up contacts and case searches secondary.

Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica, epidemiológica e virologicamente o primeiro surto de covid-19, desde o caso primário em Medellín (Colômbia), por meio das ações de vigilância e controle epidemiológico realizadas para sua contenção. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo. Os casos secundários foram identificados tendo em consideração a definição do protocolo do National Institute of Health. A coleta de dados foi obtida junto ao Sistema Único de Vigilância em Saúde, pesquisa epidemiológica de campo, história clínica e resultados laboratoriais. Foram considerados os padrões clínicos da doença (sinais e sintomas), componentes epidemiológicos (ações de vigilância e controle da transmissão) e virológicos (com uso do teste diagnóstico para sars-CoV-2 e avaliação da recuperação virológica). A confirmação dos casos foi feita pela técnica de detecção diagnóstica de coronavírus Wuhan 2019 por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase de Transcrição Reversa - Tempo Real, protocolo Charité, Berlim, Alemanha 2020, processada e relatada pelo Laboratório de Referência Nacional do Instituto Nacional de Saúde. Resultados: O caso primário de Medellín entrou no país em 2 de março de 2020, a partir de Madrid (Espanha) e foi confirmado em 9 de março. 52 contatos próximos foram identificados em 9 clusters. As ações de vigilância em saúde pública possibilitaram a identificação de 5 casos relacionados em fase inicial da doença. Conclusões: A caracterização do caso primário em Medellín permitiu identificar o primeiro surto de covid-19 e orientar medidas de controle epidemiológico, como isolamento, amostragem, acompanhamento de contatos e busca de casos secundários.

JOURNALISTIC COVERAGE OF MIGRATION IN ECUADOR DURING THE 2020 STATES OF EXCEPTION

We must wait for extraordinary catastrophes like the COVID-19 health crisis to appreciate a human rights approach in journalistic information. We set out to study the journalistic coverage of immigration in Ecuador during the state of exception decreed in 2020 with an analytical and comparative method with a mixed approach. On the one hand, we collected all the documentary production to understand the state of affairs;on the other hand, we analyzed the articles on migration and human mobility published in the digital editions of El Comercio and El Universo. The results show neutral referential frameworks, no human rights approaches or inclusive language, and a preference for news headlines and genres. Articles rarely include infographics, statistical data, or transmedia elements. Finally, the analysis showed a general depersonalization of authorship, a predominance of official sources, calls to order -in the face of chaos- and mainly Venezuelan immigrants being signaled as subjects. © 2022 Contratexto. All rights reserved.

Are societies in conflict more susceptible to believe in COVID-19 conspiracy theories? A 66 nation study

Conspiracy theories widely influence our social and political lives. A recent example is the broad impact such theories had on government's efforts to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In that context, public's compliance and willingness to get vaccinated was found to be substantially and negatively affected by the belief in conspiracy theories, among various factors. In the present study, we tested whether some countries are more susceptible to conspiracy theories than others. We examined, for the first time, the idea that the degree of intensity of conflict predicts the degree of belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories. A multilevel analysis across 66 countries (N = 46,450) demonstrated that people living in countries with higher conflict intensity tended to be more susceptible to COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs. These findings are the first large-scale comparative evidence of the profound psychological effects of conflicts on the involved societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement The belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories has severe implications on public's health. Thus, it is important to better understand the reasons behind such beliefs. The present study provides new information which helps to better understand the contexts in which conspiracy belief thrive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

When Work Invades Home: Perceptions about Teleworking

The global COVID-19 pandemic has brought on many changes in Brazil, one of them being many organizations offering employees the option to set up teleworking, which up until that time had not been a common occurrence in the country. This article discusses the compulsory work from home scenario and analyzes the perceptions and experiences of workers who have been forced to work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying favorable and unfavorable factors for Quality of Work Life (QWL). We carried out a qualitative research based on Activity-Centered Ergonomics Applied to Quality of Life at Work (AEA_QLW) for twelve workers with varying positions in different public and private sector organizations. We analyzed their perceptions and experiences about working from home based on six categories examined by (AEA_QLW). The results revealed a balance: three of the categories largely concerning well-being (socio-professional relationships, recognition and professional growth, and use of computers) and three other categories largely concerning malaise (working conditions, work organization, and opinions of work), indicating possible focal points for interventions and care in maintaining this type of work. Important issues were discussed such as the lack of distinction between public and private spaces, the characteristics of current performance/fatigue, and the possible repercussions this can have on workers, their health, and on organizations.Alternate : El escenario de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en el mundo trajo incontables cambios, entre ellos, en Brasil, la opción de la mayoría de las organizaciones por el teletrabajo, hasta entonces, poco recurrente en el país. Este artículo aborda la situación cuando, obligatoriamente, el trabajo invade el hogar y relata el análisis de las percepciones y experiencias de los trabajadores en domicilio obligatorio, durante el período de la pandemia del COVID-19, identificando factores favorables y desfavorables para la Calidad de Vida. Trabajo (QWL). Con base en la Ergonomía de la Actividad Aplicada a la Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo - EAA_QVT, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con doce trabajadores de diferentes organizaciones y cargos, del sector público y privado, elevando sus percepciones y experiencias sobre el teletrabajo, según teorías de seis categorías investigadas por EAA_QVT. Los resultados revelaron equilibrio: tres categorías con predominio del bienestar (Relaciones socioprofesionales, Reconocimiento y crecimiento profesional y Uso de la computadora) y otras tres categorías con predominio del malestar (Condiciones de trabajo, organización del trabajo y Sentimientos en trabajo), indicando focos de posibles intervenciones y cuidados en el caso de mantener este tipo de trabajo. Se discutieron temas importantes, como la falta de distinción entre espacios públicos y privados, las características de la actual sociedad del rendimiento/fatiga y sus posibles repercusiones para los trabajadores, su salud y las organizaciones.Alternate : O cenário da pandemia de COVID-19 no mundo trouxe inúmeras mudanças, entre elas, no Brasil, a opção de grande parte das organizações pelo teletrabalho, até então, não muito recorrente no país. Este artigo aborda a situação de quando, compulsoriamente, o trabalho invade a casa e relata a análise das percepções e das vivências de trabalhadores em teletrabalho compulsório, durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19, identificando fatores favoráveis e desfavoráveis à Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT). Fundamentada na Ergonomia da Atividade Aplicada à Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho – EAA_QVT, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com doze trabalhadores de diferentes organizações e cargos, dos setores público e privado, levantando suas percepções e vivências acerca do teletrabalho, de acordo com seis categorias teóricas investigadas pela EAA_QVT. Os resultados revelaram um equilíbrio: três categorias com predominância de bem-estar (Relações socioprofissionais, Reconhecime to e crescimento profissional e Uso da informática) e outras três categorias com predominância de mal-estar (Condições de trabalho, organização do trabalho e Sentimentos no trabalho), indicando focos para possíveis intervenções e cuidados no caso da manutenção desta modalidade de trabalho. Foram discutidas questões importantes como a indistinção entre os espaços públicos e privados, as características da atual sociedade do desempenho/cansaço e suas possíveis repercussões para os trabalhadores, sua saúde e as organizações.

Polarization in the Spanish press: A study of political sectarianism during the COVID-19 pandemic

Drawing on the concept of "political sectarianism" proposed by Finkel et al. and on Entman's classification of media biases, this paper aims to study polarization in three mainstream Spanish news websites, i.e. El País, El Mundo and Abc, during the COVID-19 pandemic through a cross-sectional analysis. For that purpose, a corpus of 900 articles was gathered during June 2020, following the end of the state of emergency and the strict lockdown enforced by the central government to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis relies on concepts used by communication and discourse analysts, i.e. framing and narratives. I have also drawn on the work of Bednarek on semantic choices. The study, which focuses on the headlines and the leads, shows that El Mundo and Abc were more critical of the central government's handling of the health crisis, while El País was critical of Madrid's conservative government. This points to the existence of distortion and content bias in the three newspapers. However, the most significant finding is the fact that El País is the only medium that clearly opted for a selection bias, omitting any news that could have been construed as critical of the central coalition government. © 2023 Universidade de Vigo, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved.

Study of coronavirus disease 2019 cases at the isolation department of el-dakhla general hospital

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is currently the greatest atypical pneumonia outbreak, causing widespread anxiety and fear. Objective(s): To study cases with clinical manifestations that have been identified as COVID-19 according to the Egyptian Ministry of Health's criteria, their management protocol, and outcome data at the isolation department of El-Dakhla General Hospital. Patients and Methods: This work was performed upon 106 patients with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 at the isolation department of El-Dakhla General Hospital. Result(s): Mortality was associated with older age. No patients within the died group had been vaccinated. Vaccination was significantly associated with decreased severity of chest affection, admission to the ICU, and duration of admission. Mortality was associated with severity of chest affection. All died patients were admitted to the ICU. This study also revealed that abnormal vital and laboratory data were significantly associated with mortality. On using binary regression analysis of factors to be significantly associated with mortality, lower duration of admission and not being admitted to ICU decreased the risk of mortality among the studied patients, yet was statistically nonsignificant (P>0.05), whereas higher C-reactive protein on admission increased the risk by 1.186 folds. Conclusion(s): Age, vaccination state, severity of chest affection, ICU admission and duration, use of some medications, vital data, and laboratory data are important factors to assess the prognosis and severity of COVID infection. Copyright © 2023 The Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis.

Pandemic populism and permanent campaigning: How Central American presidents build political legitimacy on Facebook

This article examines how Carlos Alvarado and Nayib Bukele, presidents of Costa Rica and El Salvador, respectively, employed Facebook throughout 2020 to communicate about the COVID-19 pandemic. The study draws on content analysis of 1584 posts made by both presidents on Facebook throughout 2020. The article argues that Alvarado and Bukele turned the pandemic into a means to build political legitimacy in their specific political context through two main strategies: populist communication and permanent campaigning. Whereas Alvarado relied on these strategies to demonstrate that he was in control of the country amid mounting backlash, Bukele infused both strategies with a religious imaginary to attack political opponents and perform the role of El Salvador's messiah. This analysis broadens the understanding of the relationship between populist communication and permanent campaigning in two main ways. First, by employing a comparative approach to identify singularities and differences in the ways that presidents built political legitimacy during the pandemic in a largely under-examined region (Central America). Second, by situating findings within a wide temporal perspective that included posts in an entire calendar year and comparisons with Alvarado's and Bukele's presidential campaigns. © The Author(s) 2022.

The Pending Matter of Co-Management in Geotourism: an analysis of the Global Geopark El Hierro

The present study was designed to analyse community participation in the co‑management of the UNESCO Global Geopark of El Hierro (The Canary Islands, Spain) after its first revalidation process in 2018 (where this aspect figured as central, pending attention) and previous to the 2022 revalidation. The study was carried out at the height of the crisis caused by the Covid‑19 pandemic and was planned to detect whether in the later process of regeneration, the island should finally tackle the co‑management principle central to the socio‑ ‑geological model of the UNESCO GLOBAL Geopark for resilience, and if the community itself perceived the need to take control of their own destiny and destination, above all in its aspect of geotourism. The preliminary results show clearly that the Global Geopark is considered to be important by the community and that there is also a strong desire for greater participation and implication than at present. © PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural.

Scale of concern about COVID-19 infection in Peruvian Health Care Workers.

INTRODUCTION: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated concern about contagion, especially among healthcare workers who are on the front line. OBJECTIVE: To design and analyse the evidence of content validity, internal structure and reliability of a measure of concern about the spread of COVID-19 among Peruvian healthcare workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative study and instrumental design. The scale was administered to 321 health science professionals (78 males and 243 females), whose ages ranged from 22 to 64 years (38.12 ±â€¯9.61). RESULTS: Aiken's V-coefficient values were statistically significant. An exploratory factor analysis was performed which indicated the existence of a single factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a satisfactory six-factor model. The CFA solution obtained adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.079; P = .05; TLI = 0.967; IFC = 0.980; GFI = 0.971, and AGFI = 0.931), and showed good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.865; CI 95%, 0.83-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The scale of concern for COVID-19 infection is a valid and reliable brief measure that can be used for research and professional purposes.

Connectedness among El Niño-Southern Oscillation, carbon emission allowance, crude oil and renewable energy stock markets: Time- and frequency-domain evidence based on TVP-VAR model

Understanding the interactions among climate change, carbon emission allowance trading, crude oil and renewable energy stock markets, especially the role of climate change in this system is of great significance for policy makers, energy producers/consumers and relevant investors. The present paper aims to quantify the time-varying connectedness effects among the four factors by using the TVP-VAR based extensions of both time- and frequency-domain connectedness index measurements proposed by Antonakakis et al. (2020) and Ellington and Barunik (2021) [8,48]. The empirical results suggest that, firstly, the average total connectedness among climate change, carbon emission allowance trading, crude oil and renewable energy stock markets is not so strong for the heterogenous fundamentals underlying them. Nevertheless, the time-varying total connectedness fluctuates fiercely through May 2005 to September 2021, varying from about 8% to 30% and rocket to very high levels during the global subprime mortgage crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the total connectedness mainly centers on the short-term frequency, i.e., 1–3 months. Secondly, climate change is generally the leading information contributor among the four factors, although not particularly strong, and its leading role also performs mainly on the short-term frequency (1–3 months). Thirdly, renewable energy stock market and crude oil market show tight interactions between them and they are the two major bridges of information exchanges across various time frequencies (horizons) in this system. Finally, we confirm the evidence that the primary net connectedness contributor and receiver switch frequently across different time frequencies, implying that it is extremely essential for policy makers, energy producers/consumers and investors to make time-horizon-specific regulatory, production/purchasing or investment decisions when facing the uncertain effects of climate change on the interactions among carbon emission allowance, crude oil and renewable energy stock markets. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Does climate impact the relationship between the energy price and the stock market? The Colombian case

Climate change imposes increased stress on the relationship between energy and financial markets. Countries with energy matrices that depend on water sources influenced by climatic phenomena must identify and control their impact on energy prices and financial markets. This research analyses if the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon affects the relationship between electricity prices and financial markets. To that end, we apply wavelet analysis for bivariate time series and contagion tests to examine the correlations and evaluate the presence of contagion. The cross-wavelet power spectrum coherence coefficients suggest two periods where energy prices and the stock market are closely related: The strong El Niño phase in 2015, which confirms our conjecture, and the first stages of the 2020 Covid Pandemic. For the el Niño phase, the energy price leads the stock market in scales from three to eight months, while for the pandemic period, the unexpected disruption produces changing patterns for the same scales. There is also a robust long-term coherence for longer scales beginning in 2012. Moreover, the contagion tests confirm the contagion between markets during extreme climate events. Thus, our alternative method to uncover market relationships beyond traditional econometric contagion approaches contributes to theoretical discussions.

Monetization of digital newspapers: Experimentation with brand extension and buying influence

With digitization, journalistic companies tested out different ways of creating value through the capabilities that technology provides. Online newspapers applied the experience they had with their print versions to brand extensions, aiming to build revenue models that went beyond the classic models for advertising and charging for content. Their goal was to leverage brand value by expanding their name to a new product. This study focuses on Unidad Editorial, which under-took various initiatives testing the power of the digital brand elmundo.es and expanding the boundaries of the business. We use information obtained from 23 semistructured in-depth interviews with executives from the early days of their online business to the present, providing a comprehensive picture. Elmundo.es's experimentation with brand extensions and other non-advertising revenue sources helps us understand digital media's shift towards charging for content –which the Covid-19 pandemic provided a favorable environment for– in their search for alternatives to compensate for the decline in advertising revenue. New brand extension projects, for which brand strength and consistency with the original product are determinative, remain open. In addition, these new practices will be subject to the journalistic companies' investment capabilities. © 2023, El Profesional de la Informacion. All rights reserved.

Can the New Left Deliver Change in Latin America?

The intense Latin American electoral cycle of 2020–22 coincided with deteriorating socio-economic conditions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and increasing frustration with the status quo. Anti-incumbent sentiment coupled with demands for more inclusive and fair economic models prompted a pronounced shift to the left in the region, although with many different shades of ‘pink'. But an increasingly polarised and fragmented political and social environment is testing the ability of new governments to deliver change, as shown by the popular rejection of a new constitution in Chile. A more limited fiscal space is also constraining these governments' effectiveness. Nevertheless, political alignment among countries with important stakes in global climate-change mitigation and thwarting drug trafficking could produce more cohesive foreign-policy stances and increased regional leverage.

What is post-COVID-19 syndrome? Definition and update.

This work addresses the origin and development of post-COVID-19 syndrome, which consists of the persistence of different symptoms over time as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on a narrative review of the scientific literature, a brief analysis of the new term is made, specifying the conceptual definition, characteristic symptoms, the various implications for people's health, and the responses to specific care measures that have been implemented. It concludes with a wake-up call to the governments of Latin America and the Caribbean in order for care and surveillance to be provided to this public health problem.

Este trabajo aborda el origen y el desarrollo del síndrome pos-COVID-19, el cual consiste en la persistencia a través del tiempo de diferentes síntomas como consecuencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. A partir de una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica, se realiza un breve recorrido sobre el nuevo término y se precisa la definición conceptual, los síntomas característicos, las diversas implicaciones en la salud de las personas y las respuestas de atención específica que se han implementado. Se concluye con una llamada de atención a los gobiernos de América Latina y el Caribe para dar tratamiento y seguimiento a este problema de salud pública.

Parental Stress and Type of Stimulation for Children at Home in the COVID-19 context

The present research aimed to describe the type of stimulation at home and the levels of pandemic stress perceived in primary caregivers during the COVID-19 context;as well as evaluating the possible association between the aforementioned variables. The sample consisted of 304 Argentine primary caregivers of children from 0 to 12 years old (M age = 6,23 years, SD = 3,44 years, male = 136). An ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire, an ad hoc Home Stimulation Questionnaire and the SISCO Pandemic Stress Inventory (ISEP;Macías, 2020) were administered. It was found that TV and the Internet were the most used devices by infants (2 to 4 hours a day). In turn, a positive association was found between overcrowding and higher levels of pandemic stress, the latter predominantly in families living with a person at risk, were themselves at risk or had difficulty sleeping. It is concluded that one must work with the type of content and the amount of time that infants are exposed to technological devices, and with the possible stress that may arise from families where there are people belonging to the risk group. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR]